Operators

Every operator in ezc, organized by category. The "stack effect" column uses the convention before → after, listing the items closest to the top of the stack rightmost.

Arithmetic

op	stack effect	description
`+`	`a b → (a+b)`	add (within numeric family, promotes)
`-`	`a b → (a-b)`	subtract
`*`	`a b → (a*b)`	multiply
`/`	`a b → (a/b)`	divide (integer for ints, float for floats)
`%`	`a b → (a%b)`	modulo
`^`	`a b → (a^b)`	power

3 4 +

Comparison

All push 1 for true, 0 for false. There is no separate boolean type.

op	stack effect	description
`==`	`a b → bool`	equal
`!=`	`a b → bool`	not equal
`<`	`a b → bool`	less than
`>`	`a b → bool`	greater than
`<=`	`a b → bool`	less than or equal
`>=`	`a b → bool`	greater than or equal

Stack manipulation

op	stack effect	name
`,`	`a → a a`	dup
`;`	`a →`	drop
`~`	`a b → b a`	swap
`_`	`a b → a b a`	over

I/O

op	stack effect	description
`:`	`a →`	write line (any type)
`.`	`→ str`	read line
`wl`	`a →`	write line (alias of `:`)
`rl`	`→ str`	read line (alias of `.`)
`wb`	`int →`	write a single byte
`rb`	`→ int`	read a single byte

Control flow

op	stack effect	description
`!`	varies	execute: pops a block/list/string and runs/splats/evals
`?`	`cond block →`	conditional execute (only runs block if cond truthy)
`??`	`cond then else → result`	ternary: pick one branch by truthiness
`&`	`cond-block body-block →`	while loop
`&!`	`list block → list`	map
`&?`	`list block → list`	filter
`&/`	`list init block → acc`	fold (left-to-right)

1 (10 :) ?     # prints 10 because cond was truthy
0 (10 :) ?     # prints nothing
1 (10) (20) ?? # → 10

Compose

op	stack effect	description
`\|`	`a b → (a\|b)`	concatenate strings, lists, or blocks

"foo" "bar" |          # → "foobar"
[1 2] [3 4] |          # → [1 2 3 4]

Variables

form	description
`@name`	bind: pop top of stack, store in name
`$name`	recall: push value of name
`name`	bare: recall, but auto-execute if value is a block

Containers

syntax	description
`(...)`	block — deferred code, executed by `!`
`[...]`	list — eager evaluation, gathers leftovers
`{...}`	scope — evaluates immediately with local bindings

Stack introspection

op	stack effect	description
`depth`	`→ int`	current stack height
`clear`	varies	drop everything on the stack
`words`	`→ list`	list all currently-defined names